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Viremia was analyzed by plaque assay (for BTV-1, BTV-4, and BTV-8) or measured by real-time RT-qPCR specific for BTV segment 5 (for BTV-4M and BTV-16, unable to form lysis plaques in cell culture). The real-time RT-qPCR specific for BTV segment 5 was performed as described by Toussaint et al. ( 47 ), and mouse blood samples containing different.
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In Lebanon, BTV-1, BTV-4, BTV-6, BTV-8, BTV-16 and BTV-24 were identified in 2011 (El Hage et al. 2013). In other west Asian countries, BT has been reported from Iraq, Iran, Jordan, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey and Yemen; the newer serotype, BTV-26, has been isolated from Kuwait (Maan et al. 2011).
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Although BTV-2, BTV-4, BTV-6, BTV-10, and BTV-16 are considered endemic to Israel, clinical signs of disease are uncommon. We report clinical signs of infection in cattle in Israel caused by BTV-8 and BTV-24. We also report active circulation of 5 BTV serotypes (BTV-4, BVT-5, BTV-8, BTV-16, and BTV-24) during 2008-2009.
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In Lebanon, BTV-1, -4, -6, -8, -16, and -24 were reported in 2011. BT has also been reported from Middle East countries like Iran, Iraq, Oman, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, etc (Maan et al. Citation 2011). A sporadic outbreak of BTV-10 was reported till 1998 in Europe (Wilson and Mellor Citation 2009).
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However, since 1998, there have been separate and repeated incursions of bluetongue into Europe and 6 of the 24 different serotypes (BTV-1, -2, -4, -8, -9 and -16) have been introduced into.
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A Seg-2 serotype-specific real-time RTPCR identified BTV-4, BTV-8, BTV-10 and BTV-16. This finding represents the first detection of BTV-8, BTV10 and BTV-16 in Brazil and, additionally, the first detection of BTV genomes in semen from bulls in the Country. RNA from multiple BTV-serotypes was detected in two individual semen samples suggesting.
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In turn, one sample from 2004 given positive for BTV-16 resulted positive also for BTV-4; three samples from 2002 given positive for serotypes -2 and -9 (C T values 27.1, 28.9 and 28.9) were identified by the BTV CodeSet only as BTV-9; one tissue sample given positive from 2015 for BTV-4 (C T 27.0 by qPCR NS3) was identified by the BTV CodeSet.
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Abstract. Since 1998, bluetongue virus (BTV) serotypes 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 11 and 16 have spread throughout Europe. In 2006, BTV serotype 8 (BTV-8) emerged unexpectedly in northern Europe throughout a region including Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. In the following year, it spread rapidly throughout the rest of Europe.
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The Bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV-8) strain, which emerged in Europe in 2006, had an unusually high ability to cause foetal infection in pregnant ruminants. Other serotypes of BTV had already been present in Europe for more than a decade, but transplacental transmission of these strains had never been demonstrated. To determine whether transplacental transmission is a unique feature of BTV.
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Sheep were then challenged by subcutaneous injection of either BTV-16 (2 groups) or BTV-8 (5 groups). Taken together, 24/25 sheep from the 4 experimental groups developed detectable antibodies against the vaccinated viruses. Furthermore, sheep that received heterologous vaccines showed significantly reduced viraemia and clinical scores for BTV.
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BTV serotypes 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 of Italian isolates were kindly provided by Dr. Savini (Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo et del Molise "G. Caporale", Italy). These viruses were propagated in Vero cells. To isolate single plaques from endpoint dilutions an overlay with 1% agarose was placed on an infected cell monolayer.
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The analytical sensitivity of the Seg-2 type-specific assays for the European serotypes (BTV-1, -2, -4, -6, -8, -9, -11, and -16) were assessed using a dilution series of the quantified dsRNA genome of reference strains of each BTV serotype (as listed in S1 Table). Additionally, this selection of the assays for the European serotypes were also.
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Viral strains. We used the BTV strains Khuroson-40/13/4 (BTV-4) and RT/RIBSP40/13/16 (BTV-16) (Sametova et al. 2013), which were obtained in lyophilized form from the laboratory of the "Collection of Microorganisms" at the Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP) and refreshed in Vero cells.Both strains were isolated individually by serial passages in chicken embryos (to.
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ELISA Results on Naïve or BTV-1, 2, 8, 9 or 16 Infected or Vaccinated Animals. A vast majority of the 319 BTV-naïve ruminant sera had an OD of less than 0.1. Only three sera (1%) had an OD between 0.15 and 0.25 (Figure 2 A). All seven sera representing the seven serotypes of EHD were negative. Similar results were obtained in the presence of.
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About BTV PUR ®. Active immunisation of sheep to prevent viraemia and to reduce clinical signs caused by bluetongue virus serotypes 1, 2, 4 and/or 8 (combination of maximum 2 serotypes). Active immunisation of cattle to prevent viraemia caused by bluetongue virus serotypes 1, 2, 4 and/or 8, and to reduce clinical signs caused by bluetongue.
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During this 8-year period, at least 6 BTV strains belonging to 5 serotypes (BTV-1, BTV-2, BTV-4, BTV-9, and BTV-16) have been continuously present in parts of the Mediterranean Basin, including several member states of the EU (Table, Figure 1) (1,5,7-12).This emergence of BT into parts of Europe never before affected was attributed mainly to climate change and was linked to the northern.